Changing the Game chart text – screen reader version
Changing the Game
Public Sentiment on College Sports
Source: Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics / Elon University Poll, August 6, 2025
Text-only version for screen readers
Slide 2: How would you rate your level of interest in the following?
Professional sports
- Very interested: 28%
- Moderately interested: 21%
- Slightly interested: 19%
- Not at all interested: 31%
College sports
- Very interested: 14%
- Moderately interested: 15%
- Slightly interested: 23%
- Not at all interested: 47%
Summer/Winter Olympics
- Very interested: 17%
- Moderately interested: 22%
- Slightly interested: 28%
- Not at all interested: 32%
Other competitive sports
- Very interested: 10%
- Moderately interested: 18%
- Slightly interested: 26%
- Not at all interested: 45%
Slide 3: Do you consider yourself a fan of these college sports?
All respondents
- Football: 44%
- Men’s basketball: 34%
- Women’s basketball: 20%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Football: 92%
- Men’s basketball: 74%
- Women’s basketball: 47%
Slide 4: Sports participation
Did you or a family member compete in college athletics?
- Yes: 14%
- No: 85%
- Unsure: 1%
Did you compete in high school athletics?
- Yes: 36%
- No: 63%
- Unsure: 1%
Slide 5: Overall, how would you describe the impact of the many changes (transfer portal; athlete name, image and likeness (NIL) compensation; conference realignments) taking place in Division I college athletics?
All respondents
- Positive: 28%
- Neither positive nor negative: 23%
- Negative: 22%
- Unsure: 27%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive: 41%
- Neither positive nor negative: 16%
- Negative: 35%
- Unsure: 8%
Former college athletes and families
- Positive: 41%
- Neither positive nor negative: 13%
- Negative: 33%
- Unsure: 13%
College football fans
- Positive: 40%
- Neither positive nor negative: 18%
- Negative: 32%
- Unsure: 10%
College basketball fans
- Positive: 47%
- Neither positive nor negative: 20%
- Negative: 25%
- Unsure: 8%
Slide 6: How has the increase in college athlete transfers between Division I schools impacted your interest in college football, men’s basketball and women’s basketball?
All respondents
- Positive impact: 18%
- Negative impact: 13%
- Little/no impact: 53%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive impact: 36%
- Negative impact: 27%
- Little/no impact: 31%
College football fans
- Positive impact: 32%
- Negative impact: 23%
- Little/no impact: 40%
College basketball fans
- Positive impact: 39%
- Negative impact: 20%
- Little/no impact: 33%
Fans of other college sports
- Positive impact: 35%
- Negative impact: 25%
- Little/no impact: 33%
Former college athletes and their families
- Positive impact: 31%
- Negative impact: 23%
- Little/no impact: 38%
Slide 7: How has the increase in college athlete transfers between Division I schools impacted your interest in collegiate Olympic sports (sports other than football, men’s and/or women’s basketball)?
All respondents
- Positive impact: 16%
- Negative impact: 7%
- Little/no impact: 60%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive impact: 33%
- Negative impact: 12%
- Little/no impact: 48%
College football fans
- Positive impact: 28%
- Negative impact: 11%
- Little/no impact: 52%
College basketball fans
- Positive impact: 34%
- Negative impact: 9%
- Little/no impact: 49%
Fans of other college sports
- Positive impact: 32%
- Negative impact: 12%
- Little/no impact: 47%
Former college athletes and their families
- Positive impact: 29%
- Negative impact: 9%
- Little/no impact: 53%
Slide 8: How has the change to allow college athletes to receive name, image and likeness (NIL) compensation from third-party entities impacted your interest in college football, men’s basketball and women’s basketball?
All respondents
- Positive impact: 23%
- Negative impact: 16%
- Little/no impact: 48%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive impact: 39%
- Negative impact: 26%
- Little/no impact: 31%
College football fans
- Positive impact: 37%
- Negative impact: 23%
- Little/no impact: 35%
College basketball fans
- Positive impact: 33%
- Negative impact: 18%
- Little/no impact: 35%
Fans of other college sports
- Positive impact: 38%
- Negative impact: 24%
- Little/no impact: 34%
Former college athletes and their families
- Positive impact: 31%
- Negative impact: 22%
- Little/no impact: 38%
Slide 9: How has the change to allow college athletes to receive name, image and likeness (NIL) compensation from third-party entities impacted your interest in collegiate Olympic sports?
All respondents
- Positive impact: 21%
- Negative impact: 10%
- Little/no impact: 55%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive impact: 36%
- Negative impact: 14%
- Little/no impact: 43%
College football fans
- Positive impact: 33%
- Negative impact: 13%
- Little/no impact: 46%
College basketball fans
- Positive impact: 39%
- Negative impact: 10%
- Little/no impact: 45%
Fans of other college sports
- Positive impact: 39%
- Negative impact: 13%
- Little/no impact: 43%
Former college athletes and their families
- Positive impact: 31%
- Negative impact: 12%
- Little/no impact: 48%
Slide 10: Who should be primarily responsible for regulating the business of college sports?
All respondents
- NCAA: 35%
- Governing bodies that regulate specific sports: 25%
- Athletics conferences: 10%
- State governments: 9%
- Federal government: 6%
- None of these: 15%
Slide 11: What is your opinion about the creation of federal laws that would allow the NCAA to enact rules that apply nationwide, superseding any individual state laws related to college sports programs?
All respondents
- Strongly/somewhat support: 36%
- Strongly/somewhat oppose: 26%
- Unsure: 39%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 54%
- Oppose: 24%
- Unsure: 21%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 43%
- Oppose: 31%
- Unsure: 26%
College football fans
- Support: 48%
- Oppose: 28%
- Unsure: 24%
College basketball fans
- Support: 53%
- Oppose: 23%
- Unsure: 23%
Slide 12: What is your best guess for how much money the NCAA receives annually from the College Football Playoff, which is the national championship for major college football?
All respondents
- $0: 3% (correct answer)
- $20 million: 19%
- $400 million: 24%
- $1 billion: 11%
- Unsure: 43%
Slide 13: What is your opinion about the creation of a new governing entity for major college football that would operate separately from the NCAA?
All respondents
- Support: 26%
- Oppose: 22%
- Unsure: 52%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 41%
- Oppose: 27%
- Unsure: 31%
College football fans
- Support: 39%
- Oppose: 25%
- Unsure: 36%
College basketball fans
- Support: 42%
- Oppose: 24%
- Unsure: 34%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 35%
- Oppose: 30%
- Unsure: 35%
Slide 14: What do you think about requiring college sports coaches to have a “coach credential” certifying their knowledge and training in areas to support athlete development, mental health, physical health and safety?
All respondents
- Support: 74%
- Oppose: 6%
- Unsure: 19%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 79%
- Oppose: 10%
- Unsure: 11%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 80%
- Oppose: 10%
- Unsure: 9%
College football fans
- Support: 79%
- Oppose: 9%
- Unsure: 12%
College basketball fans
- Support: 81%
- Oppose: 9%
- Unsure: 10%
Fans of other college sports
- Support: 80%
- Oppose: 11%
- Unsure: 9%
Slide 15: How important is it for college athletes to be enrolled as full-time students and taking classes at the school for which they are competing?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 81%
- Moderately important: 7%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 87%
- Moderately important: 8%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 87%
- Moderately important: 7%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
College football fans
- Extremely/very important: 88%
- Moderately important: 7%
- Slightly/not at all important: 1%
College basketball fans
- Extremely/very important: 85%
- Moderately important: 8%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
Slide 16: How important is it for college athletes to graduate?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 81%
- Moderately important: 8%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 82%
- Moderately important: 11%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 83%
- Moderately important: 8%
- Slightly/not at all important: 4%
College football fans
- Extremely/very important: 84%
- Moderately important: 10%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
College basketball fans
- Extremely/very important: 81%
- Moderately important: 11%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Slide 17: Division I college teams are required to be on track to graduate at least half of their athletes to be eligible for postseason competition. How important is this rule?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 74%
- Moderately important: 9%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 82%
- Moderately important: 11%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 82%
- Moderately important: 8%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
College football fans
- Extremely/very important: 80%
- Moderately important: 11%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
College basketball fans
- Extremely/very important: 80%
- Moderately important: 11%
- Slightly/not at all important: 3%
Slide 18: Should Division I college athletes be considered employees of their schools?
For sports that generate significant revenue
- Yes: 30%
- No: 36%
- Unsure: 34%
For all sports regardless of revenue
- Yes: 21%
- No: 43%
- Unsure: 35%
Slide 19: Should Division I college athletes in sports that generate significant revenue be considered employees of their schools?
All respondents
- Yes: 30%
- No: 36%
- Unsure: 34%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Yes: 33%
- No: 38%
- Unsure: 28%
Former college athletes and their families
- Yes: 41%
- No: 34%
- Unsure: 25%
College football fans
- Yes: 35%
- No: 37%
- Unsure: 27%
College basketball fans
- Yes: 37%
- No: 36%
- Unsure: 27%
Slide 20: Should Division I college athletes in all sports, regardless of revenue generation, be considered employees of their schools?
All respondents
- Yes: 21%
- No: 43%
- Unsure: 35%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Yes: 26%
- No: 46%
- Unsure: 28%
Former college athletes and their families
- Yes: 31%
- No: 44%
- Unsure: 25%
College football fans
- Yes: 28%
- No: 45%
- Unsure: 27%
College basketball fans
- Yes: 29%
- No: 44%
- Unsure: 28%
Slide 21: What do you think about universities negotiating with college athletes, like professional sports leagues do with their players’ unions, to decide on pay, rights and responsibilities?
All respondents
- Support: 41%
- Oppose: 30%
- Unsure: 29%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 52%
- Oppose: 34%
- Unsure: 14%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 50%
- Oppose: 36%
- Unsure: 14%
College football fans
- Support: 50%
- Oppose: 34%
- Unsure: 16%
College basketball fans
- Support: 57%
- Oppose: 28%
- Unsure: 15%
Slide 22: What do you think about the current rules that allow college athletes to transfer between schools as often as they choose and be immediately eligible to compete for their new school(s) without penalty?
All respondents
- Support: 36%
- Oppose: 38%
- Unsure: 26%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 49%
- Oppose: 43%
- Unsure: 8%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 45%
- Oppose: 41%
- Unsure: 14%
College football fans
- Support: 44%
- Oppose: 43%
- Unsure: 13%
College basketball fans
- Support: 50%
- Oppose: 36%
- Unsure: 13%
Slide 23: What do you think about having Division I college athletes sign a multi-year contract with an institution, but not legally be considered employees?
All respondents
- Support: 26%
- Oppose: 34%
- Unsure: 40%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 37%
- Oppose: 33%
- Unsure: 30%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 35%
- Oppose: 35%
- Unsure: 30%
College football fans
- Support: 34%
- Oppose: 34%
- Unsure: 32%
College basketball fans
- Support: 36%
- Oppose: 34%
- Unsure: 30%
Slide 24: How strongly do you agree or disagree with this statement: Division I college athletics programs adequately care for athletes’ health and safety?
All respondents
- Agree: 46%
- Disagree: 25%
- Unsure: 29%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Agree: 64%
- Disagree: 24%
- Unsure: 13%
Former college athletes and their families
- Agree: 57%
- Disagree: 27%
- Unsure: 16%
College football fans
- Agree: 62%
- Disagree: 23%
- Unsure: 15%
College basketball fans
- Agree: 65%
- Disagree: 21%
- Unsure: 14%
Slide 25: Overall what will the impact be of Division I universities providing direct payments to athletes for the use of their name, image, and likeness (NIL) – payments that for the past several years have been paid to college athletes by third-party entities like companies and fan/booster groups (Collectives)?
All respondents
- Positive: 31%
- Neither positive nor negative: 21%
- Negative: 21%
- Unsure: 26%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Positive: 45%
- Neither positive nor negative: 17%
- Negative: 31%
- Unsure: 8%
Former college athletes and their families
- Positive: 40%
- Neither positive nor negative: 16%
- Negative: 27%
- Unsure: 18%
College football fans
- Positive: 43%
- Neither positive nor negative: 20%
- Negative: 27%
- Unsure: 11%
College basketball fans
- Positive: 51%
- Neutral: 18%
- Negative: 22%
- Unsure: 9%
Slide 26: How supportive are you of the following forms of payments/compensation for college athletes?
Payments through athletics scholarships that cover tuition, meals and housing
- Support: 74%
- Oppose: 10%
- Unsure: 16%
Compensation for the use of name, image, and likeness (NIL) from companies or advertisers (brand endorsements)
- Support: 58%
- Oppose: 23%
- Unsure: 19%
University payments to athletes directly for the use of their name, image and likeness (NIL)
- Support: 53%
- Oppose: 26%
- Unsure: 20%
Direct compensation from universities for playing their sports
- Support: 46%
- Oppose: 32%
- Unsure: 22%
Prize money for performance in non-collegiate competitions (e.g. in tennis tournaments, track races)
- Support: 51%
- Oppose: 24%
- Unsure: 25%
Slide 27: If athletes receive direct compensation (in addition to any scholarships) from Division I universities, what should be the annual limit (if any) for that compensation for an individual athlete?
All respondents
- Nothing beyond scholarships: 24%
- No limit: 11%
- $1 million: 2%
- $500,000: 4%
- $100,000: 15%
- $25,000: 13%
Slide 28: Division I universities face higher costs for athletics because of new rules that allow athletes to be compensated. How much do you support or oppose using the following to help cover those costs?
All respondents
- Fundraising and private/corporate support: 71%
- Expanded sports media and branding rights: 56%
- Ticket price increases: 35%
- Reductions in compensation for coaches and staff: 30%
- More government funding: 29%
- Redirecting institutional funds: 26%
- Dropping some sports: 20%
- Increased student tuition and fees: 10%
Slide 29: When it comes to providing female college athletes with equitable opportunities compared to male college athletes, do you think colleges and universities have:
All respondents
- Not gone far enough: 39%
- Been about right: 27%
- Gone too far: 7%
- Unsure: 27%
Women
- Not gone far enough: 45%
- Been about right: 22%
- Gone too far: 5%
- Unsure: 29%
Men
- Not gone far enough: 33%
- Been about right: 32%
- Gone too far: 9%
- Unsure: 26%
Slide 30: How important is it for NCAA Division I universities to offer opportunities for students to participate in varsity sports other than those that are tied to generating revenues, like football and basketball?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 50%
- Moderately important: 18%
- Slightly/not at all important: 11%
- Unsure: 20%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 77%
- Moderately important: 16%
- Slightly/not at all important: 4%
- Unsure: 4%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 69%
- Moderately important: 17%
- Slightly/not at all important: 9%
- Unsure: 6%
College football fans
- Extremely/very important: 70%
- Moderately important: 17%
- Slightly/not at all important: 6%
- Unsure: 7%
College basketball fans
- Extremely/very important: 73%
- Moderately important: 18%
- Slightly/not at all important: 4%
- Unsure: 6%
Slide 31: How important do you think college programs in Olympic sports like gymnastics, hockey, swimming, and track & field are to the success of Team USA in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 52%
- Moderately important: 22%
- Slightly/not at all important: 10%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 74%
- Moderately important: 18%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Fans of college sports other than football/basketball
- Extremely/very important: 73%
- Moderately important: 18%
- Slightly/not at all important: 5%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 71%
- Moderately important: 16%
- Slightly/not at all important: 9%
Slide 32: How important is it for Team USA to be successful in the Olympics?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 53%
- Moderately important: 23%
- Slightly/not at all important: 14%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Extremely/very important: 74%
- Moderately important: 17%
- Slightly/not at all important: 7%
Fans of college sports other than football/basketball
- Extremely/very important: 74%
- Moderately important: 17%
- Slightly/not at all important: 8%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 71%
- Moderately important: 13%
- Slightly/not at all important: 13%
Slide 33: What is your best guess on how much of the cost of the development programs for TEAM USA Olympic athletes is covered by direct funding from the U.S. government?
All respondents
- 100% of the cost: 9%
- 75% of the cost: 17%
- 50% of the cost: 30%
- 25% of the cost: 25%
- 0% of the cost (correct): 19%
Slide 34: What is your opinion of using federal funds to support college sports programs that are designed to develop USA Olympic national team members?
All respondents
- Support: 46%
- Oppose: 31%
- Unsure: 23%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 65%
- Oppose: 23%
- Unsure: 12%
Fans of college sports other than football/basketball
- Support: 64%
- Oppose: 27%
- Unsure: 10%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 56%
- Oppose: 27%
- Unsure: 17%
Slide 35: What is your opinion of a fee or federal tax on sports gambling operators to create a national fund to support collegiate sports that develop USA Olympic national team members?
All respondents
- Support: 53%
- Oppose: 22%
- Unsure: 24%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Support: 67%
- Oppose: 19%
- Unsure: 14%
Fans of college sports other than football/basketball
- Support: 69%
- Oppose: 17%
- Unsure: 14%
Former college athletes and their families
- Support: 62%
- Oppose: 24%
- Unsure: 15%
Slide 36: Have you placed a monetary bet on a college sports event or athlete’s performance in the past three years?
Bet on college sports event
- Yes: 9%
- No: 86%
- Unsure: 5%
Prop bet on specific athlete performance
- Yes: 6%
- No: 88%
- Unsure: 6%
Slide 37: Do you support a ban on placing prop bets on college athletes?
All respondents
- Yes: 35%
- No: 31%
- Unsure: 34%
Very/moderately interested in college sports
- Yes: 39%
- No: 36%
- Unsure: 25%
Former college athletes and their families
- Yes: 39%
- No: 31%
- Unsure: 30%
Age 18–44
- Yes: 27%
- No: 37%
- Unsure: 36%
Age 45+
- Yes: 42%
- No: 25%
- Unsure: 33%
Slide 38: How important is it for college sports to exist?
All respondents
- Extremely/very important: 44%
- Moderately important: 21%
- Slightly/not at all important: 27%
Former college athletes and their families
- Extremely/very important: 63%
- Moderately important: 20%
- Slightly/not at all important: 16%
Men
- Extremely/very important: 47%
- Moderately important: 22%
- Slightly/not at all important: 24%
Women
- Extremely/very important: 42%
- Moderately important: 29%
- Slightly/not at all important: 28%
Age 18–44
- Extremely/very important: 44%
- Moderately important: 21%
- Slightly/not at all important: 26%
Age 45+
- Extremely/very important: 46%
- Moderately important: 21%
- Slightly/not at all important: 24%
Slide 39: How much do Division I college sports benefit the following?
All respondents
- Schools’ identity, name awareness and marketing: 57%
- Schools’ student recruitment and enrollment: 49%
- The overall student college experience: 42%
- Schools’ reputation for academic quality: 31%
- Fundraising: 49%
- Engagement with alumni, parents and fans: 43%
- Preparing athletes for lifetime fitness: 42%
- Preparing athletes for non-pro careers: 38%