Harlen Makemson’s research article, “Private Vice and Public Virtue: Political Cartoons as ‘Opprobrious Discourse’ Against Grover Cleveland During the 1884 Presidential Campaign,” has been published in the Fall 2004 edition of the International Journal of Comic Art. The article examines political cartoons from satirical magazines such as The Judge and concludes that the coverage combined elements of Cleveland’s illegitimate child scandal and the free trade issue, making an overriding argument that Cleveland was a threat to the American family.