Interactive Elements: Ensuring Usability for All Users

Why Interactive Elements Matter

Interactive elements such as buttons, forms and navigation menus are essential for creating dynamic and engaging websites. However, when these elements are not designed with accessibility in mind, they can become barriers for users with disabilities, such as those relying on keyboard navigation or screen readers. Ensuring interactive elements are accessible helps all users navigate your website and complete tasks seamlessly.

WCAG Requirements for Interactive Elements

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set specific standards for interactive elements to ensure usability and accessibility. Key requirements include:

  • Keyboard Accessibility:
    • All interactive elements must be operable using only a keyboard, ensuring access for users who cannot use a mouse.
    • WCAG requires that focusable elements, such as buttons and links, can be navigated in a logical sequence using the Tab key.
  • Focus Indicators:
    • Interactive elements must have a visible focus indicator (e.g., an outline or underline) to show which element is currently selected during keyboard navigation.
  • Accessible Labels:
    • Buttons, links,and form fields must have clear, descriptive labels that inform users about their purpose or action. For example, instead of a button labeled “Submit,” use “Submit Your Application.”
  • Error Identification:
    • Forms must provide clear error messages when a user enters invalid information. WCAG requires errors to be identified programmatically (e.g., through ARIA attributes) and visually.
  • Avoid Time Limits:
    • Where possible, avoid placing time limits on interactive tasks (e.g., form submissions). If a time limit is necessary, provide users with warnings and options to extend it.

Best Practices for Interactive Elements

  • Use Pre-Designed Elements:
    • Always use the buttons, links and forms provided by the CMS. These elements have been tested to ensure they meet accessibility standards.
  • Write Descriptive Labels:
    • Buttons and links should clearly describe their purpose. Avoid vague text like “Click Here” or “Submit.” Instead, use labels like “Learn More About Elon’s Programs” or “Submit Your Application.”
  • Provide Feedback for Actions:
    • Ensure that users receive visual or audible feedback when interacting with elements, such as a confirmation message after submitting a form.
  • Design for All Input Methods:
    • Ensure that interactive elements work seamlessly for keyboard, mouse, touch and assistive technologies like screen readers.
  • Test Elements with Assistive Technologies:
    • Use tools such as screen readers and keyboard navigation to verify that all interactive elements are functional and intuitive.

Considerations & Warnings

  • Avoid Inline JavaScript: Inline scripts for custom buttons or interactive features can create accessibility issues and bypass CMS safeguards.
  • Do Not Use Images for Buttons: Buttons should always be HTML-based elements (<button> or <a>) rather than images, as images cannot be reliably accessed by screen readers.
  • Be Cautious with Dynamic Content: Interactive elements that update dynamically must be accessible to screen readers and keyboard users. Notify the Online Communications Team if you require such features.

Final Thoughts on Interactive Accessibility

Interactive elements are critical for user engagement and navigation. By adhering to WCAG requirements and using the tools provided in Elon University’s CMS, you can ensure these elements are accessible, intuitive and aligned with our branding.

If you need assistance with designing or implementing interactive elements, contact the Online Communications Team for guidance and support. Together, we can ensure an accessible experience for all users.